Person recognition at a distance entails recognizing the identity of an individual appearing in images or videos collected by long-range imaging systems such as drones or surveillance cameras. Despite recent advances in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), this remains challenging. Images or videos collected by long-range cameras often suffer from atmospheric turbulence, blur, low-resolution, unconstrained poses, and poor illumination. In this paper, we provide a brief survey of recent advances in person recognition at a distance. In particular, we review recent work in multi-spectral face verification, person re-identification, and gait-based analysis techniques. Furthermore, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of existing approaches and identify important, yet under explored challenges for deploying remote person recognition systems in-the-wild.

深度卷积神经网络（DCNNS）在面部识别方面已经达到了人类水平的准确性（Phillips等，2018），尽管目前尚不清楚它们如何准确地区分高度相似的面孔。在这里，人类和DCNN执行了包括相同双胞胎在内的具有挑战性的面貌匹配任务。参与者（n = 87）查看了三种类型的面孔图像：同一身份，普通冒名顶替对（来自相似人口组的不同身份）和双胞胎冒名顶替对（相同的双胞胎兄弟姐妹）。任务是确定对是同一个人还是不同的人。身份比较在三个观点区分条件下进行了测试：额叶至额叶，额叶至45度，额叶为90度。在每个观点 - 差异条件下评估了从双胞胎突变器和一般冒险者区分匹配的身份对的准确性。人类对于一般撞击对比双重射手对更准确，准确性下降，一对图像之间的观点差异增加。通过介绍给人类的同一图像对测试了经过训练的面部识别的DCNN（Ranjan等，2018）。机器性能反映了人类准确性的模式，但除了一种条件以外，所有人的性能都处于或尤其是所有人的表现。在所有图像对类型中，比较了人与机器的相似性得分。该项目级别的分析表明，在九种图像对类型中的六种中，人类和机器的相似性等级显着相关[范围r = 0.38至r = 0.63]，这表明人类对面部相似性的感知和DCNN之间的一般协议。这些发现还有助于我们理解DCNN的表现，以区分高度介绍面孔，表明DCNN在人类或以上的水平上表现出色，并暗示了人类和DCNN使用的特征之间的均等程度。

从世界上任何地方拍摄的单个地面RGB图像预测地理位置（地理位置）是一个非常具有挑战性的问题。挑战包括由于不同的环境场景而导致的图像多样性，相同位置的出现急剧变化，具体取决于一天中的时间，天气，季节和更重要的是，该预测是由单个图像可能只有一个可能只有一个图像做出的很少有地理线索。由于这些原因，大多数现有作品仅限于特定的城市，图像或全球地标。在这项工作中，我们专注于为行星尺度单位图地理定位开发有效的解决方案。为此，我们提出了转运器，这是一个统一的双分支变压器网络，在整个图像上关注细节，并在极端的外观变化下产生健壮的特征表示。转运器将RGB图像及其语义分割图作为输入，在每个变压器层之后的两个平行分支之间进行交互，并以多任务方式同时执行地理位置定位和场景识别。我们在四个基准数据集上评估转运器-IM2GPS，IM2GPS3K，YFCC4K，YFCC26K，并获得5.5％，14.1％，4.9％，9.9％的大陆级别准确度比最新的级别的精度提高。在现实世界测试图像上还验证了转运器，发现比以前的方法更有效。

面部识别网络通常展示相对于性别，Skintone等的敏感属性，适用于性别和Skintone，我们观察到网络的面积，网络参加属性的类别。这可能有助于偏见。在这种直觉上建立一种新的基于蒸馏的方法，称为蒸馏和去偏置（D＆D），以实施网络以寻求类似的面部区域，而不管属性类别如何。在D＆D中，我们从一个属性中培训一类图像的教师网络;例如轻的Skintone。然后从教师蒸馏信息，我们在剩余类别的图像上培训学生网络;例如，黑暗的skintone。特征级蒸馏损失约束学生网络以生成类似教师的表示。这允许学生网络参加所有属性类别的类似面部区域，并使其能够减少偏差。我们还提出了D＆D的顶部的第二蒸馏步骤，称为D＆D ++。对于D＆D ++网络，我们将D＆D网络的“未偏见”蒸馏成新的学生网络，D＆D ++网络。我们在所有属性类别上培训新网络;例如，光明和黑暗的碳酸根。这有助于我们培训对属性偏差的网络，同时获得比D＆D更高的面部验证性能。我们展示D＆D ++优于在IJB-C数据集上减少性别和Skintone偏置的现有基线，同时获得比现有的对抗偏置方法更高的面部验证性能。我们评估我们所提出的方法对两个最先进的面部识别网络的有效性：Crystalface和Arcface。

In recent years, visible-spectrum face verification systems have been shown to match the performance of experienced forensic examiners. However, such systems are ineffective in low-light and nighttime conditions. Thermal face imagery, which captures body heat emissions, effectively augments the visible spectrum, capturing discriminative facial features in scenes with limited illumination. Due to the increased cost and difficulty of obtaining diverse, paired thermal and visible spectrum datasets, not many algorithms and large-scale benchmarks for low-light recognition are available. This paper presents an algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the ARL-VTF and TUFTS multi-spectral face datasets. Importantly, we study the impact of face alignment, pixel-level correspondence, and identity classification with label smoothing for multi-spectral face synthesis and verification. We show that our proposed method is widely applicable, robust, and highly effective. In addition, we show that the proposed method significantly outperforms face frontalization methods on profile-to-frontal verification. Finally, we present MILAB-VTF(B), a challenging multi-spectral face dataset that is composed of paired thermal and visible videos. To the best of our knowledge, with face data from 400 subjects, this dataset represents the most extensive collection of indoor and long-range outdoor thermal-visible face imagery. Lastly, we show that our end-to-end thermal-to-visible face verification system provides strong performance on the MILAB-VTF(B) dataset.

Domain Adaptation is an actively researched problem in Computer Vision. In this work, we propose an approach that leverages unsupervised data to bring the source and target distributions closer in a learned joint feature space. We accomplish this by inducing a symbiotic relationship between the learned embedding and a generative adversarial network. This is in contrast to methods which use the adversarial framework for realistic data generation and retraining deep models with such data. We demonstrate the strength and generality of our approach by performing experiments on three different tasks with varying levels of difficulty: (1) Digit classification (MNIST, SVHN and USPS datasets) (2) Object recognition using OFFICE dataset and (3) Domain adaptation from synthetic to real data. Our method achieves state-of-the art performance in most experimental settings and by far the only GAN-based method that has been shown to work well across different datasets such as OFFICE and DIGITS.

With the rise in high resolution remote sensing technologies there has been an explosion in the amount of data available for forest monitoring, and an accompanying growth in artificial intelligence applications to automatically derive forest properties of interest from these datasets. Many studies use their own data at small spatio-temporal scales, and demonstrate an application of an existing or adapted data science method for a particular task. This approach often involves intensive and time-consuming data collection and processing, but generates results restricted to specific ecosystems and sensor types. There is a lack of widespread acknowledgement of how the types and structures of data used affects performance and accuracy of analysis algorithms. To accelerate progress in the field more efficiently, benchmarking datasets upon which methods can be tested and compared are sorely needed. Here, we discuss how lack of standardisation impacts confidence in estimation of key forest properties, and how considerations of data collection need to be accounted for in assessing method performance. We present pragmatic requirements and considerations for the creation of rigorous, useful benchmarking datasets for forest monitoring applications, and discuss how tools from modern data science can improve use of existing data. We list a set of example large-scale datasets that could contribute to benchmarking, and present a vision for how community-driven, representative benchmarking initiatives could benefit the field.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Human behavior emerges from planning over elaborate decompositions of tasks into goals, subgoals, and low-level actions. How are these decompositions created and used? Here, we propose and evaluate a normative framework for task decomposition based on the simple idea that people decompose tasks to reduce the overall cost of planning while maintaining task performance. Analyzing 11,117 distinct graph-structured planning tasks, we find that our framework justifies several existing heuristics for task decomposition and makes predictions that can be distinguished from two alternative normative accounts. We report a behavioral study of task decomposition ($N=806$) that uses 30 randomly sampled graphs, a larger and more diverse set than that of any previous behavioral study on this topic. We find that human responses are more consistent with our framework for task decomposition than alternative normative accounts and are most consistent with a heuristic -- betweenness centrality -- that is justified by our approach. Taken together, our results provide new theoretical insight into the computational principles underlying the intelligent structuring of goal-directed behavior.

安全风险评估和预测对于部署事物互联网（IOT）设备的组织至关重要。企业的绝对最低要求是验证IoT设备的安全风险，用于报告的国家漏洞数据库（NVD）中报告的漏洞。本文提出了基于关于它们的公开信息的IOT设备的新风险预测。我们的解决方案为所有尺寸的企业提供了一种简单且具有成本效益的解决方案，以预测部署新的IOT设备的安全风险。在过去的八年内对NVD记录进行了广泛的分析后，我们为易受攻击的物联网设备创建了一个唯一，系统和平衡的数据集，包括辅以公共资源可用功能和描述性功能的关键技术功能。然后，我们使用机器学习分类模型，例如渐变提升决策树（GBDT）在此数据集上，并在分类设备漏洞分数的严重性方面实现71％的预测准确性。